Название: Solar Thermal Conversion Technologies for Industrial Process Heating
Автор: T.V. Arjunan, Vijayan Selvaraj, M.M. Matheswaran
Издательство: CRC Press
Год: 2023
Страниц: 360
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true)
Размер: 35.2 MB

Solar Thermal Conversion Technologies for Industrial Process Heating presents a comprehensive look at the use of solar thermal energy in industrial applications, such as textiles, chemical processing, and food. The successful projects implemented in a variety of industries are shown in case studies, alongside performance assessment methodologies. The book includes various solar thermal energy conversion technologies and new techniques and applications of solar collectors in industrial sectors.

Solar energy is the largest and most widely distributed renewable energy resource on the planet and can be utilized for a wide range of applications, such as solar water heating, photovoltaic electricity generation, solar thermal energy generation, and all manner of passive and active solar architectures. Besides environmental consciousness, the dwindling of traditional energy sources also marks solar energy as the appropriate energy source to meet the increasing energy demand worldwide. Solar thermal collectors can be used effciently to meet the heating needs of industrial processes because many industrial processes in various industries operate at temperatures ranging from 80 °C to 240 °C. Industrial energy analysis shows that solar thermal energy has enormous applications at low (i.e. 20–200 °C), medium, and medium-high (i.e. 80–240 °C) temperature levels. Almost all industrial processes require heat in some parts of their processes.

Despite all its merits, the implementation of solar thermal technology in industries is challenging due to various factors such as awareness, high investment cost, lower conversion effciency, etc. This book attempts to explore all these challenges and the use of solar thermal energy in various industrial applications along with successful projects implemented in different categories of industries around the world as case studies.

The chapters of this book are compiled into four major parts, and the frst part consists of two chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the global energy scenario and highlights the signifcance of utilizing solar energy in the aspects of environmental impact and energy resource availability. Chapter 2 discusses in detail the fundamental concepts involved in the conversion of solar radiation into useful thermal energy for low and moderate-temperature heating processes in different industries. It also discusses the basic mathematical modeling of non-concentrating and concentrating collectors.

The second part of the book deals with the potential for solar industrial process heating applications in a few sectors along with the case studies. Chapter 3 elaborates on the potential heating processes involved in various industries and the necessary assessments to be implemented for adopting solar thermal technologies in an industrial location and the hurdles to be considered, such as technological, economic, and social barriers, etc. Chapter 4 discusses the processes in a typical pharmaceutical industry and the possible solar thermal integrations, along with highlighting a few case studies in pharmaceutical industries located in various countries. Further, the use of solar energy for small-scale applications in Ayurveda medicinal herb drying is included. Chapter 5 provides the energy consumption profle and the present energy sources used in numerous processes in the automobile manufacturing industry. It discusses the potential processes along with the desired temperatures and the integration methods adopted in conventional heating systems. It also includes the successful implementation of solar thermal systems situated in different parts of the world.

Chapter 6 presents an overview of energy usage in the various food industry sectors, and the integration of solar technology in the food processing industries is introduced to overcome issues of the energy crisis and environmental problems and for sustainable economic development. Chapter 7 covers the fundamental techniques and contemporary advancements in thermal-based high-capacity desalination systems, such as multi-stage fash (MSF) evaporation, multi-effect distillation (MED), vapor compression distillation (VCD), low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD), and others. In addition, the viability of a solar energy integrated desalination system as a long-term solution to the problem of water scarcity and also a case study of existing solar energy-based large-scale desalination has been presented. Chapter 8 deals with the implementation of solar heat for various processes in the oil and gas industries. In addition, the selection of appropriate solar thermal technologies to meet the process heat demand is discussed in detail, along with their economic and environmental effects. Further, the integration of solar thermal technologies with the existing setup of the oil and gas industries has been discussed.

The third part provides insight into the methods that can be adopted to assess the effective implementation of solar thermal systems for industrial heating applications from technical and economic perspectives. Chapter 9 discusses the technique for integrating solar heating systems into industrial settings using pinch analysis. Integration at the supply level and process level is discussed, and pertinent case examples are presented in depth. Chapter 10 deals with the sustainability of solar thermal systems by using life cycle assessment. It discusses various solar thermal technologies, lifetime assessment, and the environmental impact of solar thermal energy on two different-sized plants.

The final part of the book has two chapters, and they are devoted to elaborating the concepts of modern tools and an overview of several solar energy promotion policies adopted by various countries in the world. Chapter 11 discusses the role of contemporary tools, including artifcial neural networks, convolution neural networks (CNN), fuzzy logic, Machine Learning, and genetic algorithms, in the prediction of solar radiation, the design, effective integration, and control of solar thermal systems used in industrial heating processes. Chapter 12 explains the global energy model and international solar energy strategies for chosen countries. Worldwide energy usage and regional climate scenarios are provided. International energy policies to promote renewable energy systems are described in depth.

The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models have been widely used for the collection of global solar radiation (GSR) for variable time periods and this has been widely used for renewable energy systems. An artificial neuron network is a computational system model that imitates nerve cells in the human brain. The ANN has three or more added layers that are connected with each other. The ANN uses learning algorithms that can independently train and estimate. The weight and bias function for different input used in back propagation. The learning rules make use of back propagation algorithm, a method through which the ANN can regulate its output results by considering the errors. By the process of back propagation, every time the weights and bias are automatically updated to minimize the error. The most predictable advantage of ANN is it can very well learn from perceiving data sets. The ANN recognizes data samples for learning rather than whole data sets to arrive at its decisions, which is considered as one of the simplest mathematical models to enrich prevailing data analysis technologies and it also saves time and money. Of the different types of ANN, Deep Learning ANNs play a signifcant role in Machine Learning (ML) and is one of the promising Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that yields accurate results. The ANN fnds its recent application in the GSR data estimation by which it estimates the data in the region of interest.

Features:

Covers the key designs and novel technologies employed in the processing industries.
Discusses challenges in the incorporation of the solar thermal system in industrial applications.
Explores the techno-economic, environmental impact and life cycle analysis with government policies for promoting the system.
Includes real-world case studies.
Presents chapters written by global experts in the field.

The book will be useful for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals with an aim to promote mutual understanding between sectors dealing with solar thermal energy.