Название: An Introduction to Stochastic Thermodynamics: From Basic to Advanced
Автор: Naoto Shiraishi
Издательство: Springer
Год: 2023
Страниц: 437
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 31.0 MB

This book presents the fundamentals of stochastic thermodynamics, one of the most central subjects in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. It also explores many recent advances, e.g., in information thermodynamics, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, and the trade-off relation between efficiency and power. The content is divided into three main parts, the first of which introduces readers to fundamental topics in stochastic thermodynamics, e.g., the basics of stochastic processes, the fluctuation theorem and its variants, information thermodynamics, and large deviation theory. In turn, parts two and three explore advanced topics such as autonomous engines (engines not controlled externally) and finite speed engines, while also explaining the key concepts from recent stochastic thermodynamics theory that are involved.

Название: Численные методы оптимизации: Учебное пособие
Автор: Мижидон А.Д.
Издательство: Улан-Удэ: Изд-во ВСГТУ
Год: 2011
Страниц: 154
Формат: djvu
Размер: 12,6 Мб
Язык: Русский

Следующие методы применяют для решения оптимальных задач в настоящее время: методы, основанные на использовании неопределенных множителей Лагранжа; методы исследования функций классического анализа; вариационное исчисление; динамическое программирование; принцип максимума; линейное программирование; нелинейное программирование.

Название: Four-Dimensional Manifolds and Projective Structure
Автор: Graham Hall
Издательство: CRC Press
Год: 2023
Страниц: 285
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true)
Размер: 10.2 MB

Four-Dimensional Manifolds and Projective Structure may be considered first as an introduction to differential geometry and, in particular, to 4-dimensional manifolds, and secondly as an introduction to the study of projective structure and projective relatedness in manifolds. The initial chapters mainly cover the elementary aspects of set theory, linear algebra, topology, Euclidean geometry, manifold theory and differential geometry, including the idea of a metric and a connection on a manifold and the concept of curvature. After this, the author dives deeper into 4-dimensional manifolds and, in particular, the positive definite case for the metric. The book also covers Lorentz signature and neutral signature in detail and introduces, and makes use of, the holonomy group of such a manifold for connections associated with metrics of each of these three possible signatures. A brief interlude on some key aspects of geometrical symmetry precedes a detailed description of projective relatedness, that is, the relationship between two symmetric connections (and between their associated metrics) which give rise to the same geodesic paths.

Название: Random Walks on Infinite Groups
Автор: Steven P. Lalley
Издательство: Springer
Серия: Graduate Texts in Mathematics
Год: 2023
Страниц: 373
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 20.1 MB

This text presents the basic theory of random walks on infinite, finitely generated groups, along with certain background material in measure-theoretic probability. The main objective is to show how structural features of a group, such as amenability/nonamenability, affect qualitative aspects of symmetric random walks on the group, such as transience/recurrence, speed, entropy, and existence or nonexistence of nonconstant, bounded harmonic functions. The book will be suitable as a textbook for beginning graduate-level courses or independent study by graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in mathematics with a solid grounding in measure theory and a basic familiarity with the elements of group theory. The first seven chapters could also be used as the basis for a short course covering the main results regarding transience/recurrence, decay of return probabilities, and speed. The book has been organized and written so as to be accessible not only to students in probability theory, but also to students whose primary interests are in geometry, ergodic theory, or geometric group theory.

Название: Введение в теорию вероятностей
Автор: Колмогоров А.Н., Журбенко И.Г., Прохоров А.В.
Издательство: МЦНМО
Год: 2015
Страниц: 168
Формат: pdf/djvu
Размер: 13 мб

В книге на простых примерах рассматриваются основные понятия и теоремы теории вероятностей. В основе лежит комбинаторный подход, однако наряду с классическим определением вероятности вводится также и статистическое определение. Подробно анализируется модель случайного блуждания на прямой, описывающая физический процесс одномерного броуновского движения частиц, а также другие примеры. Обсуждаются несложные статистические задачи.

Название: Многоликое нано. Надежды и заблуждения
Автор: Тараненко С.Б.
Издательство: Лаборатория знаний
Год: 2015
Cтраниц: 232
Формат: pdf (ocr)
Размер: 29 мб
Язык: русский

В книге в популярной форме рассказывается о междисциплинарном комплексе технологий, объединенных термином «нано». Одинаково просто рассказано как о несложных нанотехнологиях, связанных с вполне понятными на бытовом уровне эффектами, так и о технологиях квантовых, а равно технологиях, построенных на понимании и использовании механизма жизни.

Название: Insect Chronobiology
Автор: Numata Hideharu, Tomioka Kenji
Издательство:Springer
Год:2023
Формат: PDF
Страниц:361
Размер: 12,7 МБ
Язык: English

This book reviews the physiological mechanisms of diverse insect clocks, including circadian clock, lunar clock, tidal clock, photoperiodism, circannual rhythms and others. It explains the commonality and diversity of insect clocks, focusing on the recent advances in their molecular and neural mechanisms. In the history of chronobiology, insects provided important examples of diverse clocks. The first report of animal photoperiodism was in an aphid, and the time-compensated celestial navigation was first shown in the honeybee. The circadian clock was first localized in the brain of a cockroach. These diverse insect clocks also have some common features which deserve to be reviewed in a single book. The central molecular mechanism of the circadian clock, i.e., the negative feedback loop of clock genes, was proposed in Drosophila melanogaster in the 1990s and later became the subject of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2017. Thereafter, researches on the molecular and neural mechanisms in diverse insect clocks other than the Drosophila circadian clock also advanced appreciably. Various new methods including RNAi, NGS, and genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 have become applicable in these researches. This book comprehensively reviews the physiological mechanisms in diverse insect clocks in the last two decades, which have received less attention than the Drosophila circadian clock. The book is intended for researchers, graduate students, and highly motivated undergraduate students in biological sciences, especially in entomology and chronobiology.

Название: Algorithms for Sparse Linear Systems
Автор: Jennifer Scott, Miroslav Tuma
Издательство: Springer
Год: 2023
Страниц: 254
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 15.5 MB

Large sparse linear systems of equations are ubiquitous in science, engineering and beyond. This monograph focuses on factorization algorithms for solving such systems. It presents classical techniques for complete factorizations that are used in sparse direct methods and discusses the computation of approximate direct and inverse factorizations that are key to constructing general-purpose algebraic preconditioners for iterative solvers. A unified framework is used that emphasizes the underlying sparsity structures and highlights the importance of understanding sparse direct methods when developing algebraic preconditioners. Theoretical results are complemented by sparse matrix algorithm outlines. This monograph is aimed at students of applied mathematics and scientific computing, as well as computational scientists and software developers who are interested in understanding the theory and algorithms needed to tackle sparse systems. It is assumed that the reader has completed a basic course in linear algebra and numerical mathematics.

Название: Методы морфологического анализа изображений
Автор: Пытьев Ю.П., Чуличков А.И.
Издательство: М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ
Год: 2010
Cтраниц: 336
Формат: pdf
Размер: 31 мб
Язык: русский

Рассмотрено математическое понятие формы изображения как (инвариантной относительно условий получения изображения) характеристики геометрической формы изображенного объекта.

Название: Handbook of Biopolymers
Автор: Thomas S., A.R. Ajitha, Chirayil C.J., Thomas B.
Издательство:Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Год: 2023
Формат: PDF
Страниц: 1543
Размер: 29,9 МБ
Язык: English

This book on biopolymers offers a comprehensive source for biomaterial professionals. It covers all elementary topics related to the properties of biopolymers, the production, and processing of biopolymers, applications of biopolymers, examples of biopolymers, and the future of biopolymers.
Edited by experts in the field, the book highlights international professionals’ longstanding experiences and addresses the requirements of practitioners and newcomers in this field in finding a solution to their problems. The book brings together several natural polymers, their extraction/production, and physio-chemical features. The topics covered in this book are biopolymers from renewable sources, marine prokaryotes, soy protein and humus oils, biopolymer recycling, chemical modifications, and specific properties. The book also focuses on the potential and diverse applications of biogenic and bio-derived polymers. The content includes industrial applications of natural polymeric molecules and applications in key areas such as material, biomedical, sensing, packaging, biomedicine, and biotechnology, and tissue engineering applications are discussed in detail.