Название: Handbook of Computer Architecture
Автор: Anupam Chattopadhyay
Издательство: Springer
Год: 2025
Страниц: 1465
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true)
Размер: 55.4 MB

This handbook presents the key topics in the area of computer architecture covering from the basic to the most advanced topics, including software and hardware design methodologies. It will provide readers with the most comprehensive updated reference information covering applications in single core processors, multicore processors, application-specific processors, reconfigurable architectures, emerging computing architectures, processor design and programming flows, test and verification. This information benefits the readers as a full and quick technical reference with a high-level review of computer architecture technology, detailed technical descriptions and the latest practical applications.

The content is spread over multiple sections, and in each section, specific chapters offer a detailed glimpse of a topic of interest. The chapters are presented in increasing order of advanced concepts. It is also cross-linked in such a manner that reader can peruse a chapter with only necessary pre-requisite from selected, prior chapters.

In the first section of single-core processors, three chapters provide the background of computer organization, microarchitecture, and communication networks. This is complemented with chapters on operating systems, edge computing, and secure computing architectures – which provide sufficient foundation for a reader to move toward more advanced notions in any of the following sections.

The section on application-specific processors provides valuable insights into the growing demands from application developers to have customized architectures, also referred to as co-processors or accelerators. From a wide range of application segments, multimedia processing, scientific computing, machine learning, and cryptographic workloads are chosen to be covered here. Since these applications heavily depend on digital arithmetic, a short overview of the concepts is presented as well. Multimedia, machine learning, and several other domain-specific architectures are known to get influenced – for good or worse – due to the device-level faults appearing in advanced technology nodes. This is discussed in the section of fault-tolerant architectures.

Various application-specific processors and general-purpose ones come together to contribute in the rich tapestry of modern System-on-Chips (SoCs). This also enhances the notion of architectures significantly by offering reconfigurability as a property. Multicore SoCs and reconfigurable architectures are studied in a dedicated section, covering general-purpose multicore architectures, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Furthermore, readers are offered to delve into the Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs), dynamic and partial reconfigurability notions as well as power management challenges for multicore systems.

Growing technology prowess offers various capabilities to modern architects. In the section of Emerging Computing Architectures, these are studied, including compute-in-memory architectures, architectures for microfluidic biochips, Quantum computing, and the ones benefitting from 3D ICs. The complexity of modern computer architectures can only be managed with the help of powerful design automation flows. This is discussed in the section on Processor Design and Programming Flows. The introductory chapters on parallel programming models and dataflow models help reader to familiarize with the abstract notions necessary to grasp the design automation concepts. This foundation brings further the methodologies for design space exploration, followed by specific tool-flows, as elaborated in the chapters on architecture description languages, high-level synthesis, processor simulation, and virtual prototyping. For customizable, application-specific, and reconfigurable architectures, the compilation flows present a critical role to extract maximum efficiency out of the computing fabric. These are discussed in two chapters on FPGA-specific compilers and retargetable compilers. Balancing of technology constraints all the way to the application layer is a complex design automation challenge, which is discussed in the chapter on approximate computing architectures.

The last section of this volume brings forth the classic and modern techniques for testing and verification of computer architectures.

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